Nokia Corporation Q1 2012 Interim Report

This is a summary of the first quarter 2012 interim report published today. The complete first quarter 2012 interim report with tables is available at http://www.results.nokia.com/results/Nokia_results2012Q1e.pdf. Investors should not rely on summaries of our interim reports only, but should review the complete interim reports with tables.
FINANCIAL AND OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS
- Q1 2012 net sales of EUR 7.4 billion (Q1 2011: EUR 10.4 billion)
- Non-IFRS EPS of EUR -0.08 and reported EPS of EUR -0.25
- Losses incurred due to greater than expected competitive challenges and seasonality; reported losses also primarily driven by charges related to restructuring activities
- Implementation of smartphone strategy proceeding:
- Expansion of Lumia portfolio to cover higher and lower price points (Lumia 900 and Lumia 610 announced in Q1)
- Expansion of geographic coverage to 45 countries currently (31 new countries in Q1)
- Encouraging launch of Lumia 900 with AT&T in US in April
- Renewing feature phone portfolio with 7 new Asha products ramping up
- Taking action to drive improvements in the trajectory of Lumia sales and to support feature phone sales
- Plans to accelerate and substantially deepen Devices & Services cost savings, consistent with strategic focus. Nokia will share further details as quickly as possible.
- Balance sheet remains strong with EUR 9.8 billion of gross cash at end-Q1; EUR 4.9 billion of net cash at end-Q1
- Estimates that current annual IPR royalty income run-rate is approximately EUR 0.5 billion
Commenting on the Q1 results, Stephen Elop, Nokia CEO, said: "We are navigating through a significant company transition in an industry environment that continues to evolve and shift quickly. Over the last year we have made progress on our new strategy, but we have faced greater than expected competitive challenges.
We have launched four Lumia devices ahead of schedule to encouraging awards and popular acclaim. The actual sales results have been mixed. We exceeded expectations in markets including the United States, but establishing momentum in certain markets including the UK has been more challenging.
At the same time, the lower price tiers of our industry are undergoing a structural change, and traditional feature phones are challenged by full touch devices. As a result we are taking deliberate measures to continue to renew our Series 40 platform, and we plan to strengthen our line-up in Q2 2012. We are making investments in our Mobile Phones business unit aimed at addressing the gaps in our offering.
We have a clear sense of urgency to move our strategy forward even faster. We are pursuing step function changes by having launched the Lumia 610 and Lumia 900 in the first quarter, expanding market coverage, increasing advertising, introducing key customer-requested features and broadening our most successful go-to-market activities. At the same time, we have focused our efforts in the low-end of smartphones and feature phone asset to drive improved business results and conserve cash.
We are confident in our strategy and focused on responding urgently in the short term and creating value for our shareholders in the long term."
SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following table sets forth selective line items for the periods indicated, as well as the year-on-year and sequential growth rates.
  Reported and Non-IFRS first quarter 2012 results1,2
EUR million Q1/2012 Q1/2011 YoY
Change Q4/2011 QoQ
Change
Nokia
Net sales 7 354 10 399 -29% 10 005 -26%
Operating profit -1 340 439 -954
Operating profit
(non-IFRS) -260 704 478
EPS, EUR diluted -0.25 0.09 -0.29
EPS, EUR diluted
(non-IFRS)3 -0.08 0.13 0.06
Net cash from
operating
activities -590 -173 634
Net cash and
other liquid
assets4 4 872 6 372 -24% 5 581 -13%
Devices &
Services5
Net sales 4 246 7 087 -40% 5 997 -29%
Smart Devices
net sales 1 704 3 528 -52% 2 747 -38%
Mobile Phones
net sales 2 311 3 407 -32% 3 040 -24%
Mobile device
volume
(mn units) 82.7 108.5 -24% 113.5 -27%
Smart Devices
volume
(mn units) 11.9 24.2 -51% 19.6 -39%
Mobile Phones
volume
(mn units) 70.8 84.3 -16% 93.9 -25%
Mobile device
ASP6 51 65 -22% 53 -4%
Smart Devices
ASP6 143 146 -2% 140 2%
Mobile Phones
ASP6 33 40 -18% 32 3%
Operating
profit -219 729 203
Operating
profit
(non-IFRS) -127 733 292
Operating
margin % -5.2% 10.3% 3.4%
Operating margin %
(non-IFRS) -3.0% 10.3% 4.9%
Location &
Commerce5
Net sales 277 232 19% 306 -9%
Operating profit -94 -132 -1 205
Operating profit
(non-IFRS) 36 -16 29 24%
Operating
margin % -33.9% -56.9% -393.8%
Operating
margin %
(non-IFRS) 12.9% -6.9% 9.5%
Nokia Siemens
Networks5,7
Net sales 2 947 3 171 -7% 3 815 -23%
Operating profit -1 005 -142 67
Operating profit
(non-IFRS) -147 3 176
Operating
margin % -34.1% -4.5% 1.8%
Operating
margin %
(non-IFRS) -5.0% 0.1% 4.6%
Note 1 relating to non-IFRS results: Non-IFRS results exclude special items for all periods. In addition, non-IFRS results exclude intangible asset amortization, other purchase price accounting related items and inventory value adjustments arising from (i) the formation of Nokia Siemens Networks and (ii) all business acquisitions completed after June 30, 2008. More specific information about the exclusions from the non-IFRS results can be found in note 2 below and for Q1 2012 and Q1 2011 in our complete Q1 2012 interim report with tables on pages 20-22 and 24, and for Q4 2011 in our complete Q4 and full year 2011 report with tables on pages 4-5, 20-22 and 24 published on January 26, 2012.
Nokia believes that these non-IFRS financial measures provide meaningful supplemental information to both management and investors regarding Nokia's performance by excluding the above-described items that may not be indicative of Nokia's business operating results. These non-IFRS financial measures should not be viewed in isolation or as substitutes to the equivalent IFRS measure(s), but should be used in conjunction with the most directly comparable IFRS measure(s) in the reported results. A reconciliation of our Q1 2012 and Q1 2011 non-IFRS results to our reported results can be found in our complete Q1 2012 interim report with tables on pages 18 and 20-24. A reconciliation of our Q4 2011 non-IFRS results to our reported results can be found in our complete Q4 and full year 2011 report with tables on pages 17 and 20-24 published on January 26, 2012.
Note 2 relating to non-IFRS exclusions:
Q1 2012 - EUR 1 080 million consisting of:
- EUR 772 million restructuring charge and other associated items in Nokia Siemens Networks
- EUR 10 million restructuring charge in Location & Commerce
- EUR 91 million restructuring charge in Devices & Services
- EUR 86 million of intangible asset amortization and other purchase price accounting related items arising from the formation of Nokia Siemens Networks and the acquisition of Motorola Solutions' networks assets
- EUR 120 million of intangible asset amortization and other purchase price accounting related items arising from the acquisition of NAVTEQ
- EUR 1 million of intangible assets amortization and other purchase price related items arising from the acquisition of Novarra, MetaCarta and Motally in Devices & Services  
Q1 2012 taxes - EUR 135 million valuation allowance for Nokia Siemens Networks deferred tax assets impacting Nokia taxes.
Q1 2011 - EUR 265 million consisting of:
- EUR 28 million restructuring charge and other associated items in Nokia Siemens Networks
- EUR 117 million of intangible asset amortization and other purchase price accounting related items arising from the formation of Nokia Siemens Networks
- EUR 116 million of intangible asset amortization and other purchase price accounting related items arising from the acquisition of NAVTEQ
- EUR 4 million of intangible assets amortization and other purchase price related items arising from the acquisition of OZ Communications, Novarra, MetaCarta and Motally in Devices & Services
Q4 2011 - EUR 1 432 million (net) consisting of:
- EUR 1 090 million partial impairment of goodwill in Location & Commerce
- EUR 25 million restructuring charge in Location & Commerce
- EUR 119 million of intangible asset amortization and other purchase price accounting related items arising from the acquisition of NAVTEQ
- EUR 100 million restructuring charge and EUR 36 million associated impairments in Devices & Services
- EUR 2 million of intangible assets amortization and other purchase price related items arising from the acquisition of Novarra, MetaCarta and Motally in Devices & Services
- EUR 86 million of intangible asset amortization and other purchase price accounting related items arising from the formation of Nokia Siemens Networks and the acquisition of Motorola Solutions' networks assets
- EUR 23 million restructuring charge and other associated items in Nokia Siemens Networks
- EUR 49 million positive item from a cartel claim settlement
Note 3 relating to non-IFRS Nokia EPS: Nokia taxes continued to be unfavorably impacted by Nokia Siemens Networks taxes as no tax benefits are recognized for certain Nokia Siemens Networks deferred tax items. In Q1 2012, one-quarter tax expenses in Devices & Services also had an unfavorable impact. If Nokia's estimated long-term tax rate of 26% had been applied, non-IFRS Nokia EPS would have been approximately 2.1 Euro cents higher in Q1 2012.
Note 4 relating to Nokia net cash and other liquid assets: Calculated as total cash and other liquid assets less interest-bearing liabilities.
Note 5 relating to operational and reporting structure: We adopted our current operational structure during 2011 and have three businesses: Devices & Services, Location & Commerce and Nokia Siemens Networks and four operating and reportable segments: Smart Devices and Mobile Phones within Devices & Services, Location & Commerce and Nokia Siemens Networks. Smart Devices focuses on smartphones and Mobile Phones focuses on mass market feature phones. Devices & Services also contains Devices & Services Other which includes net sales of our luxury phone business Vertu, spare parts and related cost of sales and operating expenses, as well as intellectual property related royalty income and common research and development expenses. Location & Commerce focuses on the development of location-based services and local commerce. Nokia Siemens Networks is one of the leading global providers of telecommunications infrastructure hardware, software and services.
Note 6 relating to average selling prices (ASP): Mobile device ASP represents total Devices & Services net sales (Smart Devices net sales, Mobile Phones net sales, and Devices & Services Other net sales) divided by total Devices & Services volumes. Devices & Services Other net sales includes net sales of Nokia's luxury phone business Vertu and spare parts, as well as intellectual property royalty income. Smart Devices ASP represents Smart Devices net sales divided by Smart Devices volumes. Mobile Phones ASP represents Mobile Phones net sales divided by Mobile Phones volumes.
Note 7 relating to Nokia Siemens Networks: Nokia Siemens Networks completed the acquisition of Motorola Solutions' networks assets on April 30, 2011. Accordingly, the results of Nokia Siemens Networks for the first quarter 2012 are not directly comparable to its results for the first quarter 2011.
NOKIA OUTLOOK
- Nokia expects its non-IFRS Devices & Services operating margin in the second quarter 2012 to be similar to or below the first quarter 2012 level of negative 3.0%. This outlook reflects that the first quarter 2012 benefit related to lower warranty costs is expected to be non-recurring, as well as expectations regarding a number of factors including:
- competitive industry dynamics continuing to negatively affect the Smart Devices and Mobile Phones business units;
- timing, ramp-up, and consumer demand related to new products; and
- the macroeconomic environment.
- Nokia continues to target to reduce Devices & Services non-IFRS operating expenses by more than EUR 1 billion for the full year 2013, compared to the full year 2010 Devices & Services non-IFRS operating expenses of EUR 5.35 billion. Nokia plans to accelerate and substantially deepen Devices & Services cost savings, consistent with its strategic focus. Nokia will share further details as quickly as possible.
- Nokia and Nokia Siemens Networks expect Nokia Siemens Networks non-IFRS operating margin to clearly improve in the second quarter 2012 compared to the first quarter 2012 level of negative 5.0%. Due to the nature of the restructuring program as well as prevailing uncertain macroeconomic conditions, the timing of improvements in profitability is uncertain and therefore Nokia Siemens Networks' non-IFRS operating margin in 2012 is expected to be volatile.
- Nokia Siemens Networks continues to target to reduce its non-IFRS annualized operating expenses and production overheads by EUR 1 billion by the end of 2013, compared to the end of 2011.
FIRST QUARTER 2012 FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DISCUSSION
NOKIA GROUP
We adopted our current operational structure during 2011 and have three businesses: Devices & Services, Location & Commerce and Nokia Siemens Networks and four operating and reportable segments: Smart Devices and Mobile Phones within Devices & Services, Location & Commerce and Nokia Siemens  Networks. Smart Devices focuses on smartphones and Mobile Phones focuses on mass market feature phones. Devices & Services also contains Devices & Services Other which includes net sales of our luxury phone business Vertu, spare parts and related cost of sales and operating expenses, as well as intellectual property related royalty income and common research and development expenses. Location & Commerce focuses on the development of location-based services and local commerce. Nokia Siemens Networks is one of the leading global providers of telecommunications infrastructure hardware, software and services.
The following discussion includes non-IFRS results information. Non-IFRS results exclude special items for all periods. In addition, non-IFRS results exclude intangible asset amortization, other purchase price accounting related items and inventory value adjustments arising from (i) the formation of Nokia Siemens Networks and (ii) all business acquisitions completed after June 30, 2008.
The following table sets forth the year-on-year and sequential growth rates in our net sales on a reported basis and at constant currency for the periods indicated.
FIRST QUARTER 2012 NET SALES, REPORTED & CONSTANT CURRENCY1
YoY
Change QoQ
Change
Group net sales - reported -29% -26%
Group net sales - constant currency1 -29% -28%
Devices & Services net sales - reported -40% -29%
Devices & Services net sales - constant currency1 -38% -30%
Nokia Siemens Networks net sales - reported -7% -23%
Nokia Siemens Networks net sales - constant currency1 -9% -24%
Note 1: Change in net sales at constant currency excludes the impact of changes in exchange rates in comparison to the Euro, our reporting currency.
The following table sets forth Nokia Group's reported cash flow for the periods indicated and financial position at the end of the periods indicated, as well as the year-on-year and sequential growth rates.
NOKIA GROUP CASH FLOW AND FINANCIAL POSITION
EUR million Q1/2012 Q1/2011 YoY Change Q4/2011 QoQ Change
Net cash from operating activities -590 -173 634
Total cash and other liquid assets 9 793 11 056 -11% 10 902 -10%
Net cash and other liquid assets1 4 872 6 372 -24% 5 581 -13%
Note 1: Total cash and other liquid assets minus interest-bearing liabilities.
Year-on-year, net cash and other liquid assets decreased by EUR 1.5 billion primarily due to payment of the dividend, cash outflows related to the acquisition of Motorola Solutions' networks assets and capital expenditures, partially offset by a EUR 500 million equity investment in Nokia Siemens Networks by Siemens, the receipt of quarterly platform support payments from Microsoft and positive overall net cash from operating activities.
Sequentially, net cash and other liquid assets decreased by EUR 0.7 billion primarily due to unfavorable and mostly non-recurring net working capital changes in Devices & Services as well as operating losses, capital expenditure and cash outflows related to restructuring, partially offset by a positive contribution from Nokia Siemens Networks and the receipt of a quarterly platform support payment from Microsoft.
Sequentially, Devices & Services net working capital changes in the first quarter 2012 had a negative impact on net cash and other liquid assets. The working capital change was primarily due to accounts payable balances declining more than the combined declines in accounts receivable and inventory balances. The end-of-quarter days of sales outstanding was higher sequentially resulting from a lower proportion of net sales in regions with faster payment terms, including India and China. The end-of-quarter days of sales in inventory was higher sequentially resulting from the ramp-up of Lumia devices. Unless there are similar fluctuations in the composition of Devices & Services net sales and inventory, we expect the unfavorable impact of Devices & Services working capital changes in the first quarter 2012 to be mostly non-recurring.  We are focused on improving Devices & Services working capital performance, and we see opportunities to improve inventory, accounts payable and accounts receivable management over the remainder of 2012.
In the first quarter 2012, Nokia Siemens Networks' contribution to net cash from operating activities was approximately EUR 410 million. This was primarily driven by working capital improvements, partially offset by operating losses.  In the first quarter 2012, Nokia Siemens Networks' working capital performance improved by approximately EUR 540 million, primarily related to significantly improved accounts receivables collection as well as higher advanced payments from customers.
Our agreement with Microsoft includes platform support payments from Microsoft to us as well as software royalty payments from us to Microsoft.  In the first quarter 2012, we received a quarterly platform support payment of USD 250 million (approximately EUR 189 million).  We have a competitive software royalty structure, which includes minimum software royalty commitments. Over the life of the agreement, both the platform support payments and the minimum software royalty commitments are expected to measure in the billions of US Dollars. The total amount of the platform support payments is expected to slightly exceed the total amount of the minimum software royalty commitments.
DEVICES & SERVICES
The following table sets forth a summary of the results for our Devices & Services business for the periods indicated, as well as the year-on-year and sequential growth rates.
DEVICES & SERVICES RESULTS SUMMARY
  Q1/2012 Q1/2011 YoY Change Q4/2011 QoQ Change
Net sales (EUR million)1 4 246 7 087 -40% 5 997 -29%
Mobile device volume (million units) 82.7 108.5 -24% 113.5 -27%
Mobile device ASP (EUR) 51 65 -22% 53 -4%
Non-IFRS gross margin (%) 24.4% 28.8% 25.8%
Non-IFRS operating expenses (EUR million) 1 123 1 322 -15% 1 262 -11%
Non-IFRS operating margin (%) -3.0% 10.3% 4.9%
Note 1: Includes IPR royalty income recognized in Devices & Services Other net sales.
Net Sales
The year-on-year and sequential decline in our Devices & Services net sales are discussed below under our Smart Devices and Mobile Phones business units. We estimate that our current annual IPR royalty income run-rate is approximately EUR 0.5 billion. At constant currency, Devices & Services net sales would have decreased 38% year-on-year and 30% sequentially.
The following table sets forth the net sales for our Devices & Services business for the periods indicated, as well as the year-on-year and sequential growth rates, by geographic area. IPR royalty income is allocated to the geographic areas contained in this chart.
DEVICES & SERVICES NET SALES BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
EUR million Q1/2012 Q1/2011 YoY Change Q4/2011 QoQ Change
Europe 1 352 2 082 -35% 1 922 -30%
Middle East & Africa 737 1 088 -32% 1 065 -31%
Greater China 577 1 902 -70% 1 008 -43%
Asia-Pacific 945 1 317 -28% 1 297 -27%
North America 93 140 -34% 53 75%
Latin America 542 558 -3% 652 -17%
Total 4 246 7 087 -40% 5 997 -29%

On a year-on-year basis Devices & Services net sales in the first quarter 2012 declined in all regions, particularly in China, primarily due to competitive industry dynamics adversely affecting both our Mobile Phones and Smart Devices net sales. On a sequential basis, Devices & Services net sales in the first quarter 2012 declined in all regions, except for North America, where sales were driven by the introduction of the Nokia Lumia 710 with T-Mobile.
Volume
The following table sets forth the mobile device volumes for our Devices & Services business for the periods indicated, as well as the year-on-year and sequential growth rates, by geographic area.
DEVICES & SERVICES MOBILE DEVICE VOLUMES BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
million units Q1/2012 Q1/2011 YoY Change Q4/2011 QoQ Change
Europe 15.8 23.4 -32% 25.3 -38%
Middle East & Africa 21.4 22.2 -4% 25.9 -17%
Greater China 9.2 23.9 -62% 14.7 -37%
Asia-Pacific 26.1 27.3 -4% 34.7 -25%
North America 0.6 1.2 -50% 0.5 20%
Latin America 9.6 10.5 -9% 12.4 -23%
Total 82.7 108.5 -24% 113.5 -27%

On a year-on-year basis, the decline in our total Devices & Services volumes in the first quarter 2012 was driven by significantly lower volumes in both Mobile Phones and Smart Devices volumes as discussed below.
The sequential decline in our total Devices & Services volumes in the first quarter 2012 was driven by significantly lower Mobile Phones volumes and Smart Device volumes, including lower seasonal demand for our devices, as discussed below.
During the first quarter 2012, our overall channel inventory increased on a sequential basis. We ended the first quarter 2012 around the high end of our normal 4 to 6 week channel inventory range, but on an absolute unit basis, channel inventories declined sequentially.
Average Selling Price
On a year-on-year basis, the overall decrease in our Devices & Services ASP in the first quarter 2012 was driven primarily by the lower ASP in Mobile Phones, a higher proportion of Mobile Phones sales and the negative impact from foreign currency hedging, partially offset by higher IPR royalty income.
On a sequential basis, the overall decrease in our Devices & Services ASP in the first quarter 2012 was driven primarily by a product mix shift towards Mobile Phones and the negative impact from foreign currency hedging, partially offset by a positive impact from the depreciation of the Euro against certain currencies.
Gross Margin
On a year-on-year basis, the decline in our Devices & Services non-IFRS gross margin in the first quarter 2012 was driven primarily by the significant gross margin decline in Smart Devices and, to a much lesser extent, in Mobile Phones, partially offset by higher IPR royalty income.
On a sequential basis, the decline in our Devices & Services non-IFRS gross margin in the first quarter 2012 was driven primarily by gross margin declines in both Smart Devices and Mobiles Phones, partially offset by a positive impact from lower warranty costs, which is expected to be non-recurring, and higher IPR royalty income.
Operating Expenses
Devices & Services non-IFRS operating expenses decreased 15% year-on-year and 11% sequentially in the first quarter 2012. On both a year-on-year and sequential basis, operating expenses related to Mobile Phones increased 22% and 10%, respectively, in the first quarter 2012, whereas operating expenses related to Smart Devices decreased 33% and 24%, respectively, in the first quarter 2012. These year-on-year and sequential changes resulted, in addition to the factors described below, from the proportionate allocation of operating expenses being impacted by the relative mix of sales and gross profit performance between Mobile Phones and Smart Devices. This resulted in higher and lower relative allocations to Mobile Phones and Smart Devices, respectively. In addition, both the year-on-year and sequential decline in Smart Devices was driven by the cost savings actions related to our Symbian and MeeGo activities.
Devices & Services non-IFRS research and development expenses decreased 22% year-on-year in the first quarter 2012. On a sequential basis, Devices & Services non-IFRS research and development expenses decreased 11% in the first quarter 2012. Both the year-on-year and sequential declines were primarily due to a reduction in Symbian and MeeGo related costs as well as ongoing cost controls. This was partially offset by an increase in Mobile Phones research and development expenses primarily due to investments in product development to bring new innovations to the market in support of our strategy to bring the internet and information to the next billion.
Devices & Services non-IFRS sales and marketing expenses decreased 8% year-on-year in the first quarter 2012. On a sequential basis, Devices & Services non-IFRS sales and marketing expenses decreased 16% in the first quarter 2012. Year-on-year, marketing expenses declined primarily due to lower marketing expenditure on Symbian, partially offset by higher marketing expenditure on Lumia. Sequentially, marketing expenses declined primarily due to lower marketing expenditure on MeeGo and Symbian.
Devices & Services non-IFRS administrative and general expenses decreased 5% year-on-year in the first quarter 2012 as near-term cost controls were partially offset by shared function cost categorization. On a sequential basis, Devices & Services non-IFRS administrative and general expenses increased 26% in the first quarter 2012 due to shared function cost categorization.
In the first quarter 2012, Devices & Services non-IFRS other income and expense had a negative year-on-year and sequential impact on profitability. Reported other income and expense was significantly adversely impacted in the first quarter 2012 primarily as a result of restructuring-related expenses discussed below, which were recognized in Devices & Services Other.
Cost Reduction Activities and Planned Operational Adjustments
We continue to target to reduce our Devices & Services non-IFRS operating expenses by more than EUR 1 billion for the full year 2013, compared to the full year 2010 Devices & Services non-IFRS operating expenses of EUR 5.35 billion. We plan to accelerate and substantially deepen Devices & Services cost savings, consistent with our strategic focus. Nokia will share further details as quickly as possible.
During the first quarter 2012, Devices & Services recognized net charges of EUR 91 million related to restructuring activities. As of the end of the first quarter 2012, we had recognized cumulative charges of EUR 888 million related to restructuring activities.
While the total extent of the restructuring activities is still to be determined, we currently anticipate cumulative charges in Devices & Services of around EUR 900 million before the end of 2012 in relation to our previously announced cost reduction target of more than EUR 1 billion. We also believe total cash outflows related to our Devices & Services restructuring activities will be below the level of the cumulative charges related to these restructuring activities.
SMART DEVICES
The following table sets forth a summary of the results for our Smart Devices business unit for the periods indicated, as well as the year-on-year and sequential growth rates.
SMART DEVICES RESULTS SUMMARY
  Q1/2012 Q1/2011 YoY Change Q4/2011 QoQ Change
Net sales (EUR millions)1 1 704 3 528 -52% 2 747 -38%
Smart Devices volume (million units) 11.9 24.2 -51% 19.6 -39%
Smart Devices ASP (EUR) 143 146 -2% 140 2%
Gross margin (%) 15.6% 28.9% 19.9%
Operating expenses (EUR millions)2 556 834 -33% 732 -24%
Contribution margin (%)2 -18.3% 5.3% -7.0%
Note 1: Does not include IPR royalty income. IPR royalty income is recognized in Devices & Services Other net sales.
Note 2: The year-on-year and sequential decreases in operating expenses resulted from the proportionate allocation of operating expenses being impacted by the relative mix of sales and gross profit performance between Mobile Phones and Smart Devices, resulting in lower relative allocations to Smart Devices in the first quarter 2012.
Net Sales
The year-on-year decline in our Smart Devices net sales in the first quarter 2012 was primarily due to significantly lower Symbian volumes. On a sequential basis, the decline in our Smart Devices net sales in the first quarter 2012 was also due to lower Symbian volumes, partially offset by growing sales of Nokia Lumia devices.
Volume
The year-on-year decline in our Smart Devices volumes in the first quarter 2012 continued to be driven by the strong momentum of competing smartphone platforms relative to our Symbian devices. All regions showed a significant year-on-year decline in the first quarter 2012 except for Latin and North America, which showed slight year-on-year growth.
On a sequential basis, the decline in our Smart Devices volumes in the first quarter 2012 was primarily driven by lower Symbian volumes in all regions, as well as lower seasonal demand for our products, which more than offset the sequential increase in Nokia Lumia device volumes.
Average Selling Price
The year-on-year decline in our Smart Devices ASP in the first quarter 2012 was driven primarily by price erosion due to the competitive environment and a higher proportion of sales of lower priced Symbian devices. This was partially offset by sales of Nokia Lumia devices at an ASP of approximately EUR 220, as well as a positive impact related to deferred revenue on services sold in combination with our devices.
Sequentially, the slight increase in our Smart Devices ASP in the first quarter 2012 was driven primarily by a positive mix shift towards the sales of Nokia Lumia devices, and a positive impact related to deferred revenue on services sold in combination with our devices, partially offset by price actions taken related to specific products across our portfolio due to the competitive environment.
Gross Margin
The significant year-on-year decline in our Smart Devices gross margin in the first quarter 2012 was driven primarily by greater price erosion than cost erosion within our Symbian portfolio due to the competitive environment, partially offset by a positive impact related to deferred revenue related on services sold in combination with our devices and lower warranty costs.
On a sequential basis, the decline in our Smart Devices gross margin in the first quarter 2012 was primarily driven by greater price erosion than cost erosion mainly related to our Symbian and Nokia N9 smartphones, targeted price reductions of the Nokia Lumia 710 to accelerate growth as well as higher per unit fixed costs related to our Symbian devices due to declining volumes. The overall sequential decline was partially offset by lower Symbian-related allowances and lower warranty costs.
MOBILE PHONES
The following table sets forth a summary of the results for our Mobile Phones business unit for the periods indicated, as well as the year-on-year and sequential growth rates.
MOBILE PHONES RESULTS SUMMARY
  Q1/2012 Q1/2011 YoY Change Q4/2011 QoQ Change
Net sales (EUR millions)1 2 311 3 407 -32% 3 040 -24%
Mobile Phones volume (million units) 70.8 84.3 -16% 93.9 -25%
Mobile Phones ASP (EUR) 33 40 -18% 32 3%
Gross margin (%) 25.9% 27.9% 27.7%
Operating expenses (EUR million)2 472 387 22% 429 10%
Contribution margin (%)2 4.6% 16.5% 13.5%
Note 1: Does not include IPR royalty income. IPR royalty income is recognized in Devices & Services Other net sales.
Note 2: The year-on-year and sequential increases in operating expenses resulted from the proportionate allocation of operating expenses being impacted by the relative mix of  sales and gross profit performance between Mobile Phones and Smart Devices, resulting in higher relative allocations to Mobile Phones in the first quarter 2012.
Net Sales
On a year-on-year basis, our Mobile Phones net sales in the first quarter 2012 decreased due to the lower ASP and volumes.  On a sequential basis, the decline in our Mobile Phones net sales in the first quarter 2012 was due to lower volumes.
Volume
On a year-on-year basis, the decline in our Mobile Phones volumes in the first quarter 2012 was primarily driven by our reduced portfolio of higher priced feature phones compared to the first quarter 2011, partially offset by sales of recently introduced products which represented a higher proportion of our portfolio. In addition, the year-on-year decline was due to distributors and operators purchasing fewer of our feature phones during the first quarter 2012 as they reduced their inventories of our feature phones compared to increasing their inventories in the first quarter 2011. The year-on-year decline in our Mobile Phones volumes in the first quarter 2012 was most pronounced in China and Europe primarily due to competition from more affordable smartphones and increased competition from competitors with broader portfolios of feature phones with more smartphone-like experiences, such as full touch devices.
On a sequential basis, the decline in our Mobile Phones volumes in the first quarter 2012 was primarily driven by lower seasonal demand for our feature phones and aggressive price competition, especially in entry-level feature phones, partially offset by sales of recently introduced products which represented a higher proportion of our portfolio. The sequential decline was also due to distributors and operators purchasing fewer of our feature phones during the first quarter 2012 as they reduced their inventories of our feature phones compared to increasing their inventories in the fourth quarter 2011. In addition, we faced increased competition from more affordable smartphones and competitors with broader portfolios of feature phones with more smartphone-like experiences, such as full touch devices. The sequential decline in our Mobile Phones volumes in the first quarter 2012 was most pronounced in India and Europe, primarily due to the factors mentioned above.
Average Selling Price
The year-on-year decline in our Mobile Phones ASP in the first quarter 2012 was primarily driven by an increased proportion of sales of lower priced devices and the negative impact from foreign currency hedging, partially offset by sales of recently introduced higher priced devices, including the Asha family.
On a sequential basis, our Mobile Phones ASP increased slightly in the first quarter of 2012 due to a mix shift towards recently-introduced higher priced devices, including the Asha family, as well as the positive impact from the depreciation of the Euro against certain currencies, partially offset by general price erosion and the negative impact from foreign currency hedging.
Gross Margin
The year-on-year decline in our Mobile Phones gross margin in the first quarter 2012 was primarily due to greater price erosion than cost erosion, a negative product mix shift towards lower gross margin feature phones, partially offset by lower warranty costs.
The sequential decrease in our Mobile Phones gross margin in the first quarter 2012 was primarily due to greater price erosion than cost erosion, partially offset by a positive impact related to deferred revenue on services sold in combination with our devices and lower warranty costs.
LOCATION & COMMERCE
The following table sets forth a summary of the results for Location & Commerce for the periods indicated, as well as the year-on-year and sequential growth rates.
LOCATION & COMMERCE RESULTS SUMMARY
  Q1/2012 Q1/2011 YoY Change Q4/2011 QoQ Change
Net sales (EUR millions) 277 232 19% 306 -9%
Non-IFRS gross margin (%) 77.7% 81.0% 77.8%
Non-IFRS operating expenses (EUR millions) 174 205 -15% 206 -16%
Non-IFRS operating margin (%) 12.9% -6.9% 9.5%
Net Sales
The year-on-year increase in Location & Commerce net sales in the first quarter 2012 was primarily driven by higher recognition of deferred revenue related to sales of map platform licenses to Smart Devices and, to a lesser extent, by higher sales of map content licenses to vehicle customers due to higher consumer uptake of vehicle navigation systems as well as higher sales to portable navigation devices (PND) customers.
Sequentially, the decrease in Location & Commerce net sales in the first quarter 2012 was primarily due to seasonally lower sales to portable navigation devices (PND) customers as well as lower sales of map update content licenses in the vehicle segment.
Gross Margin
On a sequential basis, the Location & Commerce non-IFRS gross margin in the first quarter 2012 remained unchanged.
On a year-on-year basis, the decline in Location & Commerce non-IFRS gross margin in the first quarter 2012 was primarily due to a shift of research and development operating expenses to cost of sales as a result of the divestiture of the media advertising business.
Operating Expenses
Location & Commerce non-IFRS research and development expenses decreased 19% year-on-year in the first quarter 2012 reflecting a shift in expenses from research and development to costs of sales related to the divestiture of the media advertising business. Location & Commerce non-IFRS research and development expenses decreased 18% sequentially in the first quarter 2012 primarily driven by cost reduction actions.
Location & Commerce non-IFRS sales and marketing expenses decreased 14% year-on-year and 17% sequentially. On a year-on-year and sequential basis, the primary driver for the decrease was cost reduction actions. In addition, reduced marketing spend contributed to the sequential decline.
Location & Commerce non-IFRS administrative and general expenses increased 25% year-on-year and 11% sequentially in the first quarter 2012, primarily due to higher use of services provided by shared support functions.
NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS
Nokia Siemens Networks completed the acquisition of Motorola Solutions' networks assets on April 30, 2011. Accordingly, the results of Nokia Siemens Networks for the first quarter 2012 are not directly comparable to its results for the first quarter 2011.
The following table sets forth a summary of the results for Nokia Siemens Networks for the periods indicated, as well as the year-on-year and sequential growth rates.
NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS RESULTS SUMMARY
  Q1/2012 Q1/2011 YoY Change Q4/2011 QoQ Change
Net sales (EUR millions) 2 947 3 171 -7% 3 815 -23%
Non-IFRS gross margin (%) 26.6% 26.9% 29.2%
Non-IFRS operating expenses (EUR millions) 937 852 10% 943 -1%
Non-IFRS operating margin (%) -5.0% 0.1% 4.6%
Net Sales
The following table sets forth Nokia Siemens Networks net sales for the periods indicated, as well as the year-on-year and sequential growth rates, by geographic area.
NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS NET SALES BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
EUR millions Q1/2012 Q1/2011 YoY Change Q4/2011 QoQ Change
Europe 930 1 001 -7% 1 272 -27%
Middle East & Africa 270 307 -12% 394 -31%
Greater China 209 322 -35% 438 -52%
Asia-Pacific 877 988 -11% 909 -4%
North America 283 169 67% 293 -3%
Latin America 378 384 -2% 509 -26%
Total 2 947 3 171 -7% 3 815 -23%

The year-on-year decrease in Nokia Siemens Networks' net sales in the first quarter 2012 was driven primarily by a decline in sales of infrastructure equipment, which more than offset a slight increase in sales of services. The sequential decline in Nokia Siemens Networks' net sales in the first quarter 2012 was driven primarily by industry seasonality.
At constant currency, Nokia Siemens Networks' net sales would have decreased 9% year-on-year and 24% sequentially.
Gross Margin
The slight year-on-year decline in Nokia Siemens Networks' non-IFRS gross margin in the first quarter 2012 was primarily due to an unfavorable mix towards lower gross margin services revenues, partially offset by improved performance in infrastructure equipment. On a year-on-year basis, Nokia Siemens Networks' non-IFRS gross margin in the first quarter 2012 was negatively impacted by an unfavorable regional sales mix.
On a sequential basis, the decrease in Nokia Siemens Networks' non-IFRS gross margin in the first quarter 2012 was driven by an unfavorable product mix towards lower margin services as well as lower seasonal revenues. On a sequential basis, Nokia Siemens Networks' non-IFRS gross margin in the first quarter 2012 was negatively impacted by an unfavorable regional sales mix.
Operating Expenses
Nokia Siemens Networks' non-IFRS research and development expenses increased 14% year-on-year in the first quarter 2012 primarily due to the addition of the research and development operations related to the acquired Motorola Solutions networks assets as well as investments in strategic initiatives. On a sequential basis, Nokia Siemens Networks' non-IFRS research and development expenses in the first quarter 2012 were approximately flat.
Nokia Siemens Networks' non-IFRS sales and marketing expenses decreased 3% year-on-year in the first quarter 2012 primarily due to the lower net sales, partially offset by the addition of the sales and marketing operations related to the acquired Motorola Solutions networks assets. On a sequential basis, Nokia Siemens Networks non-IFRS sales and marketing expenses decreased 3% in the first quarter 2012 primarily due to the lower net sales.
Nokia Siemens Networks' non-IFRS administrative and general expenses increased 22% year-on-year in the first quarter 2012 primarily reflecting the addition of Motorola Solutions' network assets. Sequentially, Nokia Siemens Networks non-IFRS administrative and general expenses increased 6% in the first quarter 2012 primarily due to higher legal costs.
Nokia Siemens Networks' non-IFRS other income for the first quarter 2012 was approximately flat on both a year-on-year and sequential basis.
Operating Margin
The lower year-on-year Nokia Siemens Networks non-IFRS operating margin in the first quarter 2012 was primarily driven by lower net sales and increased operating expenses.
The sequential decline in Nokia Siemens Networks' non-IFRS operating margin in the first quarter 2012 primarily reflected the lower seasonal net sales, lower gross margin and flat operating expenses.
Strategy Update and Global Restructuring Program
On November 23, 2011 Nokia Siemens Networks announced its strategy to focus on mobile broadband and services and the launch of an extensive global restructuring program.
Nokia Siemens Networks continues to target to reduce its non-IFRS annualized operating expenses and production overheads by EUR 1 billion by the end of 2013, compared to the end of 2011. While these savings are expected to come largely from organizational streamlining, the company will also target areas such as real estate, information technology, product and service procurement costs, overall general and administrative expenses, and a significant reduction of suppliers in order to further lower costs and improve quality.
In the first quarter of 2012, Nokia Siemens Network recognized restructuring charges and other associated items of EUR 772 million related to this restructuring program. While the total extent of the restructuring activities is still to be determined, we currently anticipate cumulative charges in Nokia Siemens Networks of around EUR 1 billion before the end of 2012. We also believe total cumulative cash outflows related to the Nokia Siemens Networks restructuring activities will be around the same level as the cumulative charges related to these restructuring activities.
Cash preservation is a clear priority at Nokia Siemens Networks, and the company intends to be self-funding in all aspects of its operations.  Nokia Siemens Networks' restructuring program, combined with the company's focus on improving its financial performance, is designed to enable the company to end 2012 with higher net cash than at the end of 2011.
FIRST QUARTER 2012 OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS
NOKIA OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS
- Nokia announced planned changes at its factories in Komarom in Hungary, Reynosa in Mexico and Salo in Finland. The measures followed a review of smartphone manufacturing operations that Nokia announced last September and aim to increase the company's competitiveness in the diverse global mobile device market. These three factories are planned to focus on smartphone product customization, serving customers mainly in Europe and the Americas. Device assembly is expected to be transferred to Nokia factories in Asia, where the majority of component suppliers are based.
- Nokia, and De' Longhi SpA, a global leader in household appliances, agreed terms for De' Longhi to acquire Nokia's production facility in Cluj, Romania. The transaction was completed in March 2012.
- Nokia appointed Marko Ahtisaari as Executive Vice President, Design, and a member of the Nokia Leadership Team, effective February 1, 2012. He reports directly to President and CEO Stephen Elop.
DEVICES & SERVICES OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS
SMART DEVICES
- Nokia has continued to expand the breadth and depth of its Lumia range of Windows Phone-based smartphones since their debut in November 2011. Consumers in 45 markets around the world can now purchase a Lumia smartphone, with more markets being added in the coming weeks and months. Key highlights in the growth of Lumia in the first quarter included:
- In January, Nokia and T-Mobile commenced sales of the Nokia Lumia 710, the first Lumia product for the United States.
- In January, Nokia announced the Nokia Lumia 900 with AT&T in the United States. The Lumia 900 is the first of Nokia's Windows Phone-based range to feature high-speed LTE connectivity. The device, which has a 4.3-inch AMOLED ClearBlack Display, went on sale in April.
- In February, at the 2012 Mobile World Congress, Nokia announced that it is bringing the Nokia Lumia 900 to other markets outside the United States in a DC-HSPA variant, for high speed data connection (42Mbits download) in countries where LTE is not available. The device is expected to begin shipping during the second quarter.
- In February, Nokia announced the Nokia Lumia 610, the company's fourth and most affordable Lumia smartphone, designed as the perfect introduction to Windows Phone for a younger audience. The device is expected to ship during the second quarter 2012.
- In February, Nokia announced Nokia Reading, providing a single, integrated reading hub experience. Nokia Reading makes it easier and faster to enjoy news, books, and audio books including an extensive catalogue of local language reading material and the ability to access content offline.
- In March, Nokia and China Telecom announced the Nokia 800C, the first CDMA Windows Phone in China and Nokia's first Lumia phone for the world's largest smartphone market. The device went on sale in early April.
- In February, Nokia announced the Nokia 808 PureView, the first smartphone to feature Nokia PureView imaging technologies, bringing together high resolution sensors, exclusive Carl Zeiss optics and Nokia-developed algorithms, which will support new high-end imaging experiences for future Nokia products. The Nokia 808 PureView features a large, high-resolution 41 megapixel sensor and new pixel oversampling technology. The device is expected to ship during the second quarter 2012.
MOBILE PHONES
- Nokia has continued to expand the breadth and depth of its Asha family of feature phones since their debut in late 2011. Consumers in more than 100 markets around the world can now purchase an Asha device. Key highlights in the growth of the Asha family in the first quarter included:
- In February, Nokia announced the Nokia Asha 302, the first Series 40-based phone to support Mail for Exchange. The Asha 302 went on sale during the first quarter.
- In February, Nokia announced the Nokia Asha 202, which combines a traditional keypad with a touch screen and features Nokia's dual SIM Easy Swap technology. The Asha 202 is expected to ship during the second quarter 2012.
- In February, Nokia announced the Asha 203, a single SIM phone which combines a traditional keypad with a touch screen. The Asha 203 is expected to ship during the second quarter 2012.
- Nokia announced an evolution of Nokia Life Tools, now known as Nokia Life, which provides life-enhancing information across the range of Nokia Series 30 and Series 40 products. Since its 2009 launch in India, the SMS-based service has expanded to China, Indonesia and Nigeria. To date, more than 50 million people have experienced its benefits.
- Nokia Browser, Nokia's cloud-accelerated browser for Series 40 devices, continued to grow rapidly with support for 38 devices in 87 languages and more than 200 countries. During the first quarter, we released a significant upgrade to the product improving speed and access to web apps. Nokia Browser is the first of its kind to support web apps, and since the release of the SDK in 2011, developer support has continued to grow.
LOCATION & COMMERCE OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS
Nokia's Location & Commerce business continued to strengthen its location-based offerings during the first quarter:
- Location & Commerce updated Nokia Maps and Nokia Drive for Nokia's Lumia smartphones twice. With these updates, Nokia Maps now also features a real-time traffic view in selected markets and enables the creation and collection of favorite places as well as route sharing via SMS, email or social networks, while Nokia Drive is now supporting a full offline experience from route calculation to navigation and rerouting. Nokia Drive also features a new dashboard that includes speed limit alerts and provides options between estimated time of arrival, time to destination and distance to destination.
- Location & Commerce launched Nokia Transport, a mobile application for Nokia's Lumia smartphones providing underground, tram, suburban train and bus directions for more than 500 cities in 46 countries in the most convenient way.
- Location & Commerce released the beta version of Nokia Maps Suite 2.0 for its Nokia Belle smartphones, bundling a number of individual maps applications like Drive, Maps, Public Transport into one convenient package, offering new features such as up-to-date, location-aware weather forecasts, and a home screen widget to explore places nearby and letting people see their geo-tagged photos on the map at the places they were taken.
- Location & Commerce introduced walk navigation (beta) for its HTML5 based mobile web offering on m.maps.nokia.com that lets people use Nokia Maps on non-Nokia devices running Android and iOS.
- Location & Commerce updated Nokia Maps and Nokia Drive for the Nokia N9.
- Location & Commerce launched a new shared map design with Bing Maps, jointly developed with Microsoft.
- Nokia announced that it is planning to integrate Groupon deals into Nokia Maps and leverage location information from Nokia Drive and Nokia Transport, so that people can find local deals in the places they go to most often, or plan to visit.
- Location & Commerce launched NAVTEQ Traffic(TM) in India, making the real-time traffic service available to more than 26 million people in Delhi and Mumbai.
- NAVTEQ® Maps was selected by Yandex, Russia's premier internet company, to supply map data for their global web portal properties.
- NAVTEQ® Maps was selected by Nikon to power map display and geotagging capabilities on the COOLPIX AW series of digital cameras.
NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS
- Nokia Siemens Networks announced a number of mobile broadband deals in the first quarter, including: upgrading Saudi Telecom Company's nationwide GSM and 3G networks and expanding its commercial 4G network; working with Bharti Airtel to build and operate a large-scale TD-LTE 4G network in Maharashtra, India; transforming mobile broadband efficiency for Telkomsel in Indonesia; becoming a mobile broadband and infrastructure services provider for KT in Korea; and working with T-Mobile and Orange in Poland to deploy and upgrade GSM and HSPA networks, paving the way for transition to LTE.
- Nokia Siemens demonstrated its commitment to staying at the forefront of mobile broadband innovation with the opening of a mobile broadband testing and development facility which opened in Silicon Valley in the United States in February.
- At Mobile World Congress in February, Nokia Siemens Networks launched its "FlexiZone" approach to mobile broadband coverage, which will deliver faster and more flexible 4G across areas with a very high user density more efficiently and cost effectively. During the first quarter the company also achieved world record data speeds, exceeding 1.4 Gbps using its LTE-Advanced 4G system.
- In March, Nokia Siemens Networks and Juniper Networks announced the launch of the "Integrated Packet Transport Network", addressing the need for service providers to simplify network architecture and giving operators more flexibility in their transport networks in a cost effective way, reflecting Nokia Siemens Networks Liquid Net approach to transforming networks to cope with unpredictability and increasing network demand.
- The launch of the Customer Experience Management (CEM) on Demand portal allowed Nokia Siemens Networks to showcase a new way of handling relationships with the world's six billion mobile users. The single entry point portal, accessible from across entire operator organizations, is designed to offer dashboard views of mobile operators' key performance indicators and recommend actions they can take to improve their customer experience. Telkomsel has signed up to use the new service, enabling it to view real-time metrics and provide improved service quality for its customers across Indonesia.
- In Managed Services, Bharti Airtel extended its contract with Nokia Siemens Networks to continue to provide its managed services for a further five years.
- In December 2011, Nokia Siemens Networks signed a forward starting term and multicurrency revolving credit facilities agreement with major international banks for EUR 1 255 million to replace its existing revolving credit facility when it matures in June 2012.  By April 2012 this new commitment had been increased to EUR 1 500 million.